Death Penalty and Torture Debate Essay Example

Death Penalty and Torture Debate Paper Pro Death Penalty/Capital Punishment I agree with death penalty. Death penalty prevents future murders, It Is an ultimate warning against all crimes, the society requires death penalty for taking a life; â€Å"eye for an eye†, it provides closures for the victim’s families and friends, and it contributes to the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. Argument 1. Death penalty prevents future murders. Even If the criminals are given a life sentence, If they’re actions are good in prison, they are able to leave the prison. Yes, even after they leave, they will be released on a sciences, which means that they are subject to certain conditions for the rest of their life. But the fact that they committed a crime does not change. They could make the same mistake and harm innocent people. – http:// counterinsurgencies. Judiciary. Gob. UK/sentencing/sentencing-myths. HTML 2. Death penalty Is the ultimate warning against all crimes. If the criminals know that if they commit any Intolerable crime, the justice system wont stop at putting them to death. When a criminal takes an innocent life, the balance of justice is unbalanced. To balance the Justice, it is only by taking the murderer’s life and it will allow the society to show that committing a intolerable crime, they will be punished. – Charles E. Rice, SD, Professor Emeritus at Eve Maria School of Law at the university of Notre Dame, In a June 22, 1987 The New American article titled â€Å"Retribution is an Obligation†: o â€Å"As an exercise In retribution, punishment serves to right the balance of justice that is disturbed by the crime, provided that the punishment is appropriate. Http://dependently. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty and Torture Debate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty and Torture Debate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty and Torture Debate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Procom. Org/view. Answers. PH? Questioned=001004 4. It provides closure for victims, who have suffered so much. – There are many victims from a single murder. The criminal eventually gets caught and is brought under Justice, but the victim no longer has a part to play in this. Unfortunately, the victim has people who love him such as their family and friends. By putting the murderer to death, the surviving victims grief towards the criminal will not end, but the execution could engender a feeling of relief at no longer having to think about the ordeal. – http://www. Orthophosphate. Com/vengeance. Tm 5. It contributes to the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. – Prisons across the world are having problems with overpopulation. Even if they are criminals, they still need all the essential things to live even If It is in a prison. Such as portion If people remove the death penalty as an option to punish the criminals, there will be a lot more criminals who are going to be crammed in to prisons. This only adds to the problem of overcrowded prisons. – http://www. Horselaugh. Org/overcrowding/ Counter Argument 1. The risk of executing the innocent. People claim lots of innocent people are wrongly executed, but there is no evidence that any innocent people have actually been executed since increased safeguards and appeals that were added to the death penalty system in the asses. – Even if such executions happen, they are very rare. Imprisoning innocent people is also wrong, but we cannot empty the prisons because of that minimal risk. – If improvements are needed to prove that people are innocent with technology, such as DNA testing, then those should be instituted. But the need of development is not a reason to abolish death penalty. Even the criminals have the right to live. Everyone has the right to live if they didn’t commit any crime that will lead them to death penalty. Yes maybe we have no right to take the criminals life, but firstly, they had no right to take the victims life. If we spare the criminals life, then 3. Life sentence is a worse punishment then death penalty and is more of an effective deterrent. – Life sentence does not last for the rest of the criminal’s life. If their actions are good in prison, they are able to get out of prisons and live out side with few limitations. Even after they served their several years of their life in prison, the fact that they committed an unthinkable crime does not change. Giving the criminals a life sentence instead of death penalty, then you are giving them another chance to choose the wrong path and harm the innocents. Because of death penalty, it prevents future murders, it is an ultimate warning against all crimes, the society requires death penalty for taking a life; â€Å"eye for an eye†, it provides closures for the victim’s families and friends, and it contributes to the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. I believe that people who are against capital punishment is wrong because by giving the criminals a second chance and let them live, it is not fair for the innocent victim whom their life was taken because of that criminals wrong decision. Also, even if the criminal spends his time in prison, it doesn’t change the fact that they were once a criminal and they could do the same thing again and hurt the innocents. Pro Alternative Torture Torture is a way to get information out of criminals who refuse to speak, w e are able to give the criminals the experience of whatever pain they give to the victims, it is a ay of protecting many innocent lives and preventing from any future attacks, being tortured is better than not living, and it is a way of comforting people. 1. It is a way to get information out of criminals who refuse to speak. – It is an Information or confessions are easily retrieved from criminals through torture. – Information is sometimes very important if lives are in stake or if it is for the good of the society or country. Able to get valuable information about many things such as battle tactics. -http://www. Here. Org/index. PH? Base_id=134 2. It gives the criminal a feeling of knowing what victims felt. -Way of revenge They should be subjected to the pains that they have caused the others. – Being executed is a much easier way for the criminals to get through than being tortured. But if the criminals did these horrible crimes for no reason, than they should know what kind of pain the victims went through. – http://held. Disconnecting. Org/en/d/ Cheese/10. HTML 3. It is a way of protecting innocent people or preventing from future attacks. By torturing, it provides the safety of many lives in the world. Torture is only way to get information quickly enough to possibly prevent from any future attacks. – By getting information, they are able to get ready and save many innocent lives. – http:// www. Here. Org/index. PH? Base_id=134 4. A way of punishing criminals. Being tortured is better than not being able to spend the rest of your life. Life sentence is not enough for criminals who did something terrible, they should be tortured and make them regret for what they did. – http:// www. Springfield. Key. IL. Us/schools/Springfield/Elis/Torture. HTML 5. It is a way of comforting people. There are people and organizations that are willing to hurt anyone to get their own way. The nation needs to feel safe to live a happy, undisturbed life. – http:// held. Disconnecting. Org/en/d/Cheese/10. HTML Torture is wrong. Yes, torture may be wrong, but if by torturing someone and getting all the information needed to save innocent lives, then we must use torture to get everything we need to save lives. The risk of torturing an innocent. I believe in torture if there is certain evidence that the person is not innocent and is or was involved in criminal activity that will endanger innocent lives. Torture is cruel. Yes, torture may be cruel, but if by torturing someone and getting all the everything we need to save lives and prevent form anything awful happening. Torture is very important under certain circumstances. Torture is a way to get information out of criminals who refuse to speak, we are able to give the criminals the experience of whatever pain they give to the victims, it is a way of protecting many innocent lives and preventing from any future attacks, being tortured is better than not living, and it is a way of comforting people.

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay [pic] [pic] HND program, Sichuan University 2006-12-21 Part A Introduction This report refers to show the variances between the Flexed Budget and Actual results. After cooperation, we will understand the overview of the organization’s current situation. In order to find the problems and solve them, I analyzed them below. Here are the detailed information about the materials variance, labour variance and overhead variance. In addition, I will give out the advice of my opinion at the end of this report. |Tricol plc Flexible budget | | |Original budget |Flexed budget |Actual results |Variance | | | | | |A/F | | |2000 units |1600 units |1600 units[1] | | |Direct material |ï ¿ ¡80000[2] |ï ¿ ¡64000[5] |ï ¿ ¡61600 |ï ¿ ¡2400 |F | |Direct labor |ï ¿ ¡36000[3] |ï ¿ ¡28800[6] |ï ¿ ¡35200 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†6400ï ¼â€° |A | |Variable production overheads |ï ¿ ¡4000[4] |ï ¿ ¡3200[7] |ï ¿ ¡3200 |0 | | | |Depreciation |ï ¿ ¡1500 | |ï ¿ ¡1500 | | |Fixed overheads | | | | | | |Total cost of production | |ï ¿ ¡104200 |ï ¿ ¡108600 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†4400ï ¼â€° |A | [1] Flexed budget amount is 80% of the target amount [2]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"2,000ï ¼ 80,000 [3]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 36,000 [4]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 4,000 [5]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"1,600ï ¼ 64,000 [6]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 28,800 [7]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 3,200 Material: Direct material total variance = (standard units of actual production*standard price)-(actual quantity*actual price) = (1600*4*10) - 61600 =ï ¿ ¡2400(F) Direct material usage variance =standard price*(standard unit of actual production - actual quality) =10*(1600*4-5600) =ï ¿ ¡8000(F) Direct material price variance =actual quantity*(standard price – actual price) =5600*(10-11) =ï ¿ ¡-5600(A) Material total Variance percentage = 2400/64000 *100% =3.75% Material usage variance percentage = 8000/64000*100% =12.5% Material price variance percentage =5600/64000*100% =8.75% Labour: Direct labour total variance = (standard hours of actual production*standard rate ph)-(actual hours*actual rate ph) = (1600*2*9)-35200 =ï ¿ ¡-6400(A) Direct labour efficiency variance =standard rate ph*(standard hours of actual production – actual hours) =9*(1600*2-3520) =ï ¿ ¡-2880(A) Direct labour rate variance =actual hours*(standard rate ph-actual rate ph) =3520*(9-10) =ï ¿ ¡-3520(A) Labour total variance percentage =6400/28800*100%=22.22% Labour efficiency variance percentage =2880/28800*100%=10% Labour rate variance percentage=3520/28800*100% =12.22% Overhead: Total overhead variance =total standard overhead for actual production-total actual overheads = (7.125*1600)-(3200+2200+1500+2400+2500) =11400-11800 =ï ¿ ¡-400(A) Overhead absorption rate =total budgeted overhead/total budgeted activity level = (1600*2+2000+2200+1500+2500)/1600 =ï ¿ ¡7.125 per unit

How the process of leadership may be used in order to maximise Essay

How the process of leadership may be used in order to maximise potential of the organisation and its employees - Essay Example This is as far as the investigation carried by Stephen A. Cohen and some of his employees at SAC Capital Partners on the same is concerned (Fisher et al.1992, p56). They found out that Goldman Sachs moved aluminum around from one warehouse to another so that they can improve their market position and at the same time increase their prices to consumers. Such kind of events imposes a major impact on peoples’ trust in financial institutions. The survey indicates that nearly eighty percent of Americans has a great mistrust for the big banks and that close to two-thirds of the Americans think that the corporate corruption is much widespread among the banks in the US as well as across the globe. There has been a significant increase in both the figures in the level of mistrust for the banking industry exhibited by Americans a few years ago (Yukl,2001,p65). This loss of trust is very costly on the part of banks because it is normally expensive and wasteful to regulate and monitor sys tem when there is no trust among the stakeholders. This is so because market competition cannot easily be an efficient substitute for integrity and trustworthiness. Another event that has led to the loss of trust is the disappearance of banking proper goal. At first banks main goal was to maximize stakeholders’ welfare but the banks have greatly transformed and are now only interested in maximizing the shareholders wealth by just concentrating on accumulation of profit and personal wealth. Loss of trust among customers was largely brought about by leadership styles adopted by the banks. The main reason is the agency problem whereby the Conflict of interest between the management and the shareholders exists. And management, therefore, engages in activities that pose a high financial gain to them as in the case of insider trading. They enter into agreements that increase the shareholders’ wealth at the expense of other stakeholders (Kotter,1996, p34). To maximize the pro fits, they charge exorbitant interest rates to customers. These autocratic leaders formulate policies on their own and then tell the employees what need to be done without involving them at all. This kind of leadership does not put leaders to task and therefore they cannot easily be monitored or commented upon (Isaksen & Tidd, 2006, p52). Staff, on the other hand performs the tasks as assigned to them which may perhaps even be poor and unsatisfactory services to bank customers. These poor services rendered to customers make them develop a negative image and even mistrust to bank. In addition, lack of employee involvement in the formulation of objectives leads to low motivation and commitment. This in turn lowers the returns for banks and therefore huge layoffs of personnel may occur to help reduce the operational costs. Leadership styles adopted to restore trust In order to solve the problem and maximize the potential of the organization and its employees, the banks should use trans formational leadership. A transformational leader is that who motivates the employees, enhances their morale and performance through a variety of mechanisms such as connecting the employee’s sense of identity and self to the project and the collective identity of the organization (Northouse, 2010, p53). He challenges the employees to take greater ownership and responsibility for their work and understands their weaknesses and strengths. This allows the leader to align the

Discuss the different issues related to IT-enhanced firm performance Essay

Discuss the different issues related to IT-enhanced firm performance - Essay Example Technology can become the main source of sustainable competitive advantage and a strategic weapon especially in the hospitality industry (Buhalis & Main, 1998). Information plays a pivotal role in the description, promotion, distribution, amalgamation, organization and delivery of hospitality and tourism products (Main, 2002). Technology can offer advantages in the management of operations, in the delivery of services and also be useful as a strategic support system. It helps in forming strategic alliances, in developing strategic distribution methods, communicating with customers and partners, and satisfying consumer demand. Camisà ³n (2000) contends that there are two approaches to introducing IT into business – the first focuses on the introduction and management of IT and the second is the management of the systems that use IT. There is abundance of information available in any business and through IT business re-engineering is possible which can help to enhance the intra-organizational information systems. Markets have become turbulent which enhances the need for managers to be able to predict change. There is a need for information and information has become a strategic resource which can give a firm competitive advantage. Hence the role of IT has to be strategic so that it can back the management functions. The information systems should allow effective measurement and monitoring of the strategic factors. It has been found that firms that take up IT as an asset and dedicate specific resources to the information system have achieved their business goals. Hence information and technologies t hat optimize its management should become the main resource used by the administration. This also help to free up resources – mostly people – who can devote their time and attention to focus on other jobs that add value to business. To increase competitive

Community safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Community safety - Essay Example Home security to low income communities is a service which is been provided by American Corps under Safe Neighbourhood AmeriCorps Partnership (SNAP). They provide free demonstration security assessments and hardware instalments and provide instruments on demand. This helps them in saving their money on training and resident feel secure. Probability of failure is negligible as only one among all accessed house has faced this problem (SNAP, 2000). Fire Safety is a process by which measures are taken for preventing and reducing fire disasters. It can be implemented during and after construction of building. Its education is also required to individuals for their premises safety. Workplace fire safety is a non - domestic area safety. In England, it is done under supervision of Communities and Local Government (CLG) and in Scotland and Wales under Scottish Government and Wales Assembly Government. HSE (Health and Safety Executive) looks after cases responsible for fire safety. Good Neighbourhood Watch Schemes is a strategy which helps in reducing crime in local areas by motivating individuals to accept their responsibilities towards self safety and community safety. CCTV and Radio link are been used for reducing crime taking place in retail shops and streets. Education and promotions of diversionary related to youth are implemented for reducing rate of crime and offences related to young people. It also helps in overcoming hatred and prejudice. For this protection schemes are also been formulated and implemented. Agencies are established and many schemes and policies are adopted for stopping distribution of drugs and alcohols among young generation. Online services and many agencies and policies are been adopted for stopping domestic violence and sexual assault. Stay Safe Stay Secure Scheme is been adopted for helping older people. It helps them to feel safe in their home (BCSP, 2008). There are many issues faced by fire safety departments. They can be

Theory Of Tourism Demand

Theory Of Tourism Demand Presently, considerable research in the field of economics of tourism since the 1970s led to well established models and methodologies to quantify tourism demand. Main factors that proved its significance are for example income in the country of origin, relative tourism prices at the destination, or substitute prices of an alternative destination. On the other hand travel motivation has been a focus within destination choice theories. The typical tourist undertakes several steps before deciding for a vacation destination. Each stage is influenced by internal and external stimuli and the tourists intention maximize its utility, thus to make the most of it. It becomes apparent that the root of total tourism demand lies within both economic and socio-psychological theories. It is the intention of the thesis to therefore propose a combined framework. In order to prove its validity a survey will be conducted to capture stereotypes associated with Ireland and the Irish and to what extend this influences Ireland as a destination choice. The results will then be incorporated into the new framework to help future research testing other variables. Literature Review Theory of Tourism Demand Research differentiates between two major approaches to analyze tourism demand: Tourism economists mainly consider an economic framework while travel motivation mainly applies a socio-psychological framework (Goh, 2012). The following paragraphs will go into more detail on each of the theories to illustrate that tourism demand can be derived from theories of destination choice as well as market demand theory. Although studying the characteristics of tourism is a comparably new era starting in the 1960s, this industrys excessive growth has also led to an equally extensive evolution as a field of study and consequently its methods and findings. Neoclassical economic theory usually assumes a multi-stage budgeting process for every choice for a certain product or service. Within a tourism context this process can be divided as in Figure . Additionally, each stage corresponds to a utility maximization problem where the consumer subconsciously intends to maximize the utility of the choices within the given budget constraint (Smeral Weber, 2000). As Figure illustrates the budget line shows how different combinations of tourism expenditure could be allocated to the destinations, but the indifference curve shows that the tourist wishes to allocate set proportions of the budget to each (Sinclair Stabler, 1997). The most recent review papers by Song and Li (2008) and Song et al. (2012) summarize the research progress made in respect of approaches, applied methods, innovations, emerging topics, research gaps, and directions for future research. According to their assessment a number of researchers have created and tested a variety of demand models for different destinations in order to quantify its impacts. Most commonly the number of arrivals is used as the indicator for total tourism demand of a destination, although tourist expenditure, and tourist nights in registered accommodations were chosen in some studies. Predominantly considered determinants that empirically proved to have an impact on tourism demand were: Income in country of origin Relative tourism prices at destination Substitute prices of alternative destination Travel cost Marketing expenditure One-off events (Song, et al., 2009) While total impact and its explanatory variables have been thoroughly investigated through several econometric models, little attention is placed to the social context of tourism decision making: Traditional demand theory does not explain how preferences and tastes are formed and change [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Sinclair Stabler, 1997, p. 29). Decision-making processes, its components and generalized frameworks have been widely researched over the past decades (Crompton Um, 1991; Woodside Lysonski, 1989). Decrop (2005) for example classified the factors of tourists decision-making process into six cognitive constructs: Tourist perception Learning and attitude Personality and self-concept Motivation and involvement Emotion Context On the contrary, Crompton and Um (1991) explain how tourists perception of a destination is influenced by internal and external inputs (see Figure ). Connecting the findings of Heung et al. (2001) review about major vacation motives and Gallarza et al. (2002) findings on attributes related to the destination image, it becomes apparent that research exploring factors influencing destination choice has been extensive. Despite the wide recognition of Um and Cromptonss framework of a multi-stage destination choice and acceptance that beliefs and attitudes are related to destination preferences, they are some restrictions when it comes to the act of purchasing a vacation at a destination. During the early stage of selecting a destination socio-psychological factors such as image or beliefs are significant indicators in specifing which destination evolved to a late consideration stage. However, the ultimate selection depends to a higher magnitude on perceived inhibtors acting on a potential traveler such as monetary constraints (Crompton Um, 1992). According to Crompton and Ums findings in the consumer behavior, tourism, and recreation choice literature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦constraints should be integrated into the cognitive choice process. (Crompton Um, 1992, p. 97) Figure : Framework of decision-making process by Crompton and Um (1991) (Source: Own illustration) Similarly, very few prior studies focused on the influence of socio-psychological factors on demand itself. During the 1970s several studies concluded that a large number of explanatory variables affecting demand are too small to have a significant influence, but if aggregated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦are likely to be as important as prices and income in determining travel growth. (Goh, 2012, p. 1862). Additionally, OHagan and Harrison (1984) again proved the high significance of non-economic factors in their study. The main reason for omitting relevant variables in tourism demand theory is its difficulty to define and collect accurate measures (Song Witt, 2000). Attempts to integrate socio-psychological factors into tourism demand models have failed due to the lack of appropriated procedures and econometric models. As most these factors are more commonly interrelated a new more complex modeling approach would have to be designed and tested. As Stabler notes: Though motivations and preferences, in which images are embodied, are acknowledged as being important, they tend to be ignored by main stream economists, because they are either assumed to be relatively stable and therefore do not influence the model, or are considered too complex to cope with. (Stabler, 1988, p. 137) In summary, apart from each other the economic perspective as well as the socio-psychological aspect has been subject to extensive research. Both fields of study realize their incompleteness when it comes to assessing tourist behavior and demand. However, to fully comprehend and measure the tourism demand, theories of destination choice and theory of market demand should be combined to create an in-depth understanding (Goh, 2012). Stereotyping Social categorizing allows people to respond quicker to a range of perceptual impressions. As Lustig and Koester (1999) state the way humans process can be broken down into three aspects: Conceptual categories  [1]   Ethnocentrism  [2]   Stereotyping For this thesis most important, is the effect of stereotyping. First mentioned by Lippmann in 1922 it refers to a selection process to simplify our perception of others; creating pictures in our heads (Lippmann, 1922, p. 5). Basically, the cognitive representations of a group influence our thinking, judgment and behavior of people within that group. Hewstone and Brown (1986) defined three characteristics of stereotypes: Often individuals are categorized, usually on the basis of easily identifiable characteristics such as sex or ethnicity. A set of attributes is ascribed to all (or most) members of that category. Individuals belonging to the stereotyped group are assumed to be similar to each other, and different from other groups, on this set of attributes. The set of attributes is ascribed to any individual member of that category (p. 29) Thus, after defining an out-group, they, on the basis of their differing characteristic to oneself, the dissimilarities are emphasized and extended in order to create a more distinct division between the social groups. Last, the characteristics are attributed to all members of that group, resulting in a person not being treated as an individual, but as a typical example of a category (Lustig Koester, 1999; Hinton, 2000). Before judging, people rarely gather a sufficient amount of information from various resources. Most commonly, they had a direct experience with a few people of the out-group, received information and opinions second hand such as from friends or relatives, were influenced by the output of the mass media, or just general pigeonhole thinking (Brewer, 1996). These sources that form a stereotype initially are moreover the multipliers and causes for stereotypes shared by an entire social group. As Stangor and Schaller (1996, pp. 4-5) mention: From one perspective stereotypes are represented within the mind of an individual person. From the other perspective, stereotypes are represented as part of the social fabric of a society, shared by the people within the culture. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Because group values and group behavior provide the underlying foundation of stereotyping, stereotypes only have meaning to the extent they are culturally shared. Stereotyping is therefore not only an indiv idual problem, but when they are shared within a society; they have a considerable (positive or negative) impact on the labeled individual or group. As diverse and intricate as the environment appears to be and as useful as it seems to simplify this complexity by structuring, the more dangerous it becomes to misjudge and have inaccurate assumptions. Judd and Park (1993) assessed three major phenomena resulting from stereotyping: The so-called out-group homogeneity effect causes the person in the in-group to consider members of the out-group to be much more similar to one another than in reality. Second, humans tend to make wrong or inappropriately exaggerated assumptions about the group average, such as when all US Americans are assumed to be friendly and service-oriented, but also superficial. Third, the phenomenon of prejudices occurs when there is a negative valence inaccuracy, thus a negative attribute is weighted more important while the positive is being ignored or underestimated. For instance, when visiting the US a tourist could stereotype all Americans being superficial or insincere (the negative attribute), but disregar ding the fact that they are highly service and customer oriented (positive attribute). Conversely, one can show a positive valence inaccuracy. As Kunda and Scherman-Williams already proved in 1993 imprecise stereotyping can eventually lead to false interpretation of ambiguous incidents. Consider, for example, the unambiguous event of losing a soccer game. Ethnic stereotypes could relate the failure to laziness if the team was from Germany or low ability if the team is Kazakhstani. Thus, stereotypes will affect judgments of the targets ability even if subjects base these judgments only on the act, because the stereotypes will determine the meaning of the act. (Kunda Sherman-Williams, 1993, p. 97) Stereotypes even have consequences for future behavior. An investigation by Seta and Seta (1993) revealed the following results: The stereotype would persist even after the subjects were exposed to a disconfirming behavior as they expected a future action would compensate for the atypical behavior If a subjects stereotype would be consistently challenged by a member of the stereotyped group then expected compensatory behavior would cease. Nevertheless, the subject still expects another member of the group to make up for the disconfirming behavior. This way people are still able to anticipate certain future events without making it necessary to revise their deeply set beliefs and values. In conclusion, stereotypes are highly subjective, but because experiences and events are shared through various channels, it can eventually lead to a shared consensus. Although categorizing helps an individual to cope with an ambiguous environment more efficiently, caution has to be exercised to avoid unjust judgment of others behavior. Stereotyping is a strong set of beliefs and values, which is difficult to overcome for an individual and consequently even less likely for an entire social group. Conclusion Literature review gives a scattered insight into tourism behavior and demand. The field of tourism economics with its consistent developments in methodological innovations, research progresses, and different approaches consists of a comprehensive body of knowledge and theoretical foundations. Similarly, extensive research in the tourist behavior area and especially the understanding of decision-making process has led to a number of frameworks and assessment methods. Apart from each other, both have empirically and qualitatively evidence for a number of factors influencing the consumer equilibrium the point at which the tourists economical constraints intersects with the consumer indifference curve. Thus, market demand is proven to be depicted from economical as well as socio-psychological theories. However, only very few studies attempted to combine and investigate their relationship and impact. Factors influencing destination choice and destination image are many. Stereotypes are one of numerous causes shaping personality and beliefs. Due to its persistent nature and difficulty to overcome deeply held principles, stereotypes proved to be highly influential on expectations towards future situations peoples behavior. Thus, although stereotyping is a commonly known phenomena its implications into tourism theories is yet limited. The literature gave a profound understanding of economic and non-economic tourism theories as well as origin and impact of stereotypes on social behavior. It is the papers intention to prove a significant relationship between stereotypes and its influence on destination choice. Research Problem Research Problem It is evident from the literature that market demand as well as destination choice theory face constraints when trying to explain the complexity of tourists choices. Despite their methodological developments in econometric models over the past decades, integrating qualitative as well as quantitative measures has failed due to lack of available data or complexity. Similarly, socio-psychological frameworks tend to omit inhibitors and constraints such as budget. From the research problem identified above, the research question can be formulated as follows: To what extend can stereotypes be classified as a relevant factor influencing tourism demand? In other words, the author will intends to link both economic and socio-psychological factors into tourism demand theory. Further, it is hypothesized that stereotypes have a significant impact on the decision-making process of tourists and thus tourism demand in general. Research Objectives The research objectives are generated from the research question and should provide clearer sense of purpose and direction for the researcher (Baker, 2000). The following research objectives arise from the hypothesis above: Establish a framework that includes both socio-psychological and economic factors Song et al. (2012) as well as Song Li (2008) noted in their review papers that developments in tourism demand are limited to quantifiable measures. During their early works Crompton Um (1992) realized as well that the destination choice process is not limited to intrinsic motivators. Goh (2012) recently proposed an initial framework linking destination choice and theory of market demand. Investigate on stereotypes existing towards Ireland/Irish Seta Seta (1993) found that stereotypes deep-rooted and difficult to overcome. Stereotypes about Ireland and the Irish are widespread which could be due to its high emigration throughout the previous centuries. Since its subjective nature social science has not scientifically named or analyzed existing stereotypes. It will ths become essential to collect primary data. Analyze connection between existing stereotypes and willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination The multi-stage destination decision-making process has most commonly been researched by Crompton Um (1991; 1992) and Decrop (2005). Influencing factors are numeral and their magnitudinal impact depends on the stage of the process as well. Assess to what extend the economic tourism demand formula can be extended by the socio-psychological factors Research integrating socio-psychological aspects with tourism demand theory is limited. For example, Goh (2012) was able to link the factor weather with tourism demand theory. Based on the framework established from the first objective the author intends to generalize the findings. Research Method The methodology outlines how the research objectives are to be achieved within the given time frame and explains the rationale behind the chosen method (Saunders, et al., 1997). Special emphasize is to be placed on the research design, data collection, and ethical implications. Research Design In order to resolve the above mentioned research objectives a triangulate approach has been chosen, applying both quantitative as well as qualitative methods. First, in order to fully comprehend and test the relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand, a framework needs to be created which stems from economical as well as consumer choice theory. This inductive and more discovery-oriented approach is necessary due to the lack of available research and quantitative data that combined the two fields of study. Through an investigation of the literature about economic tourism demand and socio-psychological theory, the exploratory research will confidently result in a comprehensive tourism demand framework. Additionally, it will clarify the authors understanding about the separateness and consequently help to successfully commence with subsequent objectives (Heath Tynan, 2010). The main focus of this thesis will rely on a positivist approach though, thus deducing a hypothesis from the theory and empirically testing it (Saunders, et al., 1997). The intention is to quantitatively prove a causal relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand. From the literature review it can be concluded that socio-psychological factors play a major role when deciding for a destination and as a result imply to have certain impact on tourism demand of that destination. However, this hypothesis has not been tested yet. In order to do accomplish objectives two and three a survey will be conducted among people who have not visited or lived in Ireland. Conducting surveys allows the researchers to have more control over the research process and is widely perceived as authoritative by people in general (Saunders, et al., 1997). According to an analysis from Irelands national tourism board Fà ¡ilte Ireland its main markets are Britain, North America, France, and Germany (Fà ¡ilte Ireland, 2011). The author intends to collect sufficient amount of data from at least two source countries, namely United States and Germany. As the survey is standardized it will be easier to distribute to the different nations and later compare the received results. It aims at collecting cross-sectional data about the kinds of stereotypes existing towards Ireland and the Irish as well as the participants willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Regression analysis will then allow the author to conduct the fourth step of positivist research: Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry. It will either tend to confirm the theory or indicate the need for its modification (Robson, 2002, pp. 18-19) According to Saunders et al. (1997) the data collected might not reach such a wide range as a qualitative research method would due to the limited number of questions a questionnaire can contain. However, in case the conducted survey does not give sufficient causal explanation, thus its validity and reliability cannot be assured, additional secondary data from a recent survey by Fà ¡ilte Ireland could be analyzed who interrogated tourists that have chosen Ireland as a vacation destination (Fà ¡ilte Ireland, 2011). It is important to note though, this data can only serve supplementary as a clear distinction between stereotypes and other reasons to choose Ireland has not been considered. The reason for choosing a positivist approach is the advantages that come with it. Its deductive nature allows the application of a rigorous structure that would make this hypothesis applicable to generalization and give an opportunity for further research to test other socio-psychological factors (Easterby-Smith, et al., 2001). The last objective intends to incorporate the findings from the survey into the framework proposed at the beginning of the research applying the knowledge gained throughout the thesis. If the survey were to prove the causal relationship between stereotypes leading to higher likeliness to choose Ireland, the hypothesis demonstrated its validity. The fourth objective is to conclude to what extend the findings can be generalized and applied to other non-economic factors. Data Collection As mentioned above the main purpose of this thesis is a survey among US and German citizens collecting empirical data about stereotypes towards Ireland and the Irish as well as their willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Irish born as well as residents who previously visited Ireland are excluded. This specification is especially relevant as stereotypes root mainly from other peoples experience (i.e. visitors to Ireland) and/or limited familiarity with the other social group (i.e. Irish emigrants) (Brewer, 1996). The author targets to gain 50 utilizable questionnaires from each nation, totaling to n=100. In order to ensure a high number of participants from Germany the survey will be translated into German as well. Distribution will primarily be channeled as a web questionnaire through social media. This note only enables the survey to reach a wide range of potential partakers and guarantees there anonymity, but also ensures a certain level of randomness which is one of the main challenges when conducting surveys. Although the author cannot fully exclude a connection with all the participants, the potentially exponential circulation minimizes this risk. The data then will be used for a linear regression analysis in order to validate how the independent variable (stereotype) impacts the dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination). The linear regression will only be an approximation of the true relationship though, as it is not possible to include all the variables which may have an influence on the dependent variable (Koop, 2009). The omission of these variables in the model is referred to as the error term. The basic regression model is written as where y equals dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination), coefficients ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ², x represents the independent variable (stereotype), and refers to the error term. A null hypothesis test will be applied to determine whether results are statistically significant. Main problems arising using regression analysis can be autocorrelation, omitted variable bias and multi-collinearity (Koop, 2009). As the hypothesis is only testing the impact of one independent variable on one dependent variable, autocorrelation can be neglected. Similarly, multi-collinearity, evident through high p-values and low t-stats can be excluded as only one explanatory variable is applied. However, omitted variable bias can lead to unreliable coefficients if an explanatory variable which may have an impact on the dependent variable are omitted from the data set. However, as mentioned above it is nearly impossible to include all explanatory variables, which is why the error term is included. The values of the coefficients will nevertheless be treated with caution. Ethical considerations have to be taken into account as well. The online survey ensures the participants anonymity and no personal data will be collected. Additionally, it goes without saying that the author conducts this hypothesis in an objective and non-discriminatory manner. Stereotypes have a tendency to classify or even favor one social group over the other. The thesis is not intended to strengthen or overcome beliefs towards Ireland or the Irish, but to capture a snapshot of existing stereotypes.

The Spinx :: essays papers

The Spinx In a depression to the south of Chephren's pyramid sits a creature with a human head and a lion's body. The name 'sphinx' which means 'strangler' was first given by the Greeks to a fabulous creature which had the head of a woman and the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. The sphinx appears to have started in Egypt in the form of a sun god. The Egyptian sphinx is usually a head of a king wearing his headdress and the body of a lion . There are, however, sphinxes with ram heads that are associated with the god Amun. The Great Sphinx is to the northeast of Chephren's Valley Temple. Where it sits was once a quarry. Chephren's workers shaped the stone into the lion and gave it their king's face over 4,500 years ago. The sphinx faces the rising sun with a temple to the front, which resembles the sun temples which were built later by the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The figure was buried for most of its life in the sand. King Thutmose IV (1425 - 1417 BC) placed a stela between the front paws of the figure. It describes when Thutmose, while still a prince, had gone hunting and fell asleep in the shade of the sphinx. During a dream, the sphinx spoke to Thutmose and told him to clear away the sand because it was choking the sphinx. The sphinx told him that if he did this, he would be rewarded with a kingship. Thutmose carried out this request and the sphinx held up his end of the deal. The sphinx is built of soft sandstone and would have disappeared long ago had it not been buried for so long. The body is 200 feet in length and 65 feet tall. The face of the sphinx is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra), the nose and the ritual beard are now missing. The beard from the sphinx is displayed in the British Museum. The statue is crumbling today because of the wind, humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. No one can be certain who the figure is to personify. It is possible that it is Chephren. If that is so, it would then be the oldest known royal portrait in such large scale.

Leading and motivating a team effectively Essay

1.1. Explain the importance of the team having a common sense of purpose that supports the overall vision and strategy of the organisation (16 marks) A shared sense of purpose in an organisation is important as it unites employees working in an organisation and can also extend to external stakeholders. An organisations shared sense of purpose represents its identity and therefore the services it provides and the persons and organisations that benefit from these services. A shared sense of purpose is important because it: †¢Ensures employees from across an organisation are working towards common goals †¢Ensures employees are motivated and engaged to achieve these goals †¢Encourages employees to feel committed to an organisation †¢Causes employees to find their work meaningful and motivates them to put in extra discretionary effort †¢Makes employees more satisfied with their working conditions and pay and makes employees motivated to stay within an organisation. †¢Provides employees with a context within which they can understand their role within the team and how their contribution plays a part in that team. †¢Enables employees to work collaboratively to achieve a goal rather than choosing their own technique or method potentially at the expense of the organisation or other employees. †¢Allows employees to share in the success of an organisation motivating them to succeed both individually and within a team. 1.2 Explain the role that communication plays in establishing a common sense of purpose (16 marks) Communication plays a key role in establishing and maintaining a common sense of purpose in an organisation. The nature, frequency, style and person communicating all contribute to establishing a sense of purpose. What, when, why and to whom are all important factors effecting the success of communication in creating a shared sense of purpose. Unnecessary communication in organisations wastes time and can create indifference to the message, staff moral is reduced and important  messages can be lost. In order to maintain a shared sense of purpose communications should be targeted to the people you wish to reach. They should be clear and say the things that are needed – not everything that can be thought of. The â€Å"story† should be adjusted to fit the experiences and aspirations of the audience. Communication plays a role in creating job satisfaction for lower level employees. These employees may feel a need for senior leaders to demonstrate that they too live and work to the shared values of the organisation. There is also a need for employees to feel their views are listened to and acted upon so creating a two way flow of information is key to employees’ satisfaction and to them feeling an integral part of an organisation. One to one communication between managers and there team such as appraisals and one to one meetings are also key to creating sense of shared purpose. Top-down communication has a role in conveying direction to employees as well as clear ideas on priorities and organisational goals. Listening and accepting bottom up communication is key to staff moral, making staff feel valued and helping them to understand the importance of theirs and others roles in a team. Peer to peer communication helps to build a knowledge base amongst staff and allows staff to test out and fine tune ideas and work together more effectively. Communications most important role is to inspire others and to convey a passion for an organisation which other people can get behind. 1.3 Assess the effectiveness of own communication skills on the basis of the above (12 marks) I assessed my own communication skills based on informal interviews with previous colleagues from my roles in science co-ordination and project management. I choose previous colleagues as I felt I would get more honest answers not having to work with them on a daily basis and I have not been in my current roles for very long in order for colleagues to assess all aspects of my communication skills. Feedback was as follows. My written communication skills are very strong. I believe this is mostly due to development of my writing in my previous PR role and the 3 years I spent working with a community of international researchers necessitating a need for clear instructions without the use of particularly advanced English vocabulary. My emails are very clear, they are friendly but make clear distinction between information I am passing on and actions which need to be  addressed. Deadlines and what is expected of the recipient is clearly stated. My persuasion skills were also thought to be strong as was ability to motivate and empathise and bring people round to my way of thinking. One respondent commented that I have a â€Å"very nice way of nagging people†. My listening skills could be improved. I am sometimes too keen to ask questions when a person has not finished speaking and my need to plan and â€Å"put things into neat boxes† can feel imposing on people with different learning styles and very creative personalities. I also have a tendency to write extensive notes in meetings and 1-2-1’s in order not to miss anything and to record peoples responses correctly – this can, however, come across as my being disengaged from the conversation and â€Å"not taking on board what is said†. My presenting skills are good. My visuals in presentations are clear and slides interesting with good use of diagrams and illustrations rather than overly wordy however I have a tendency to speak too fast, show I am nervous and not make eye contact with an audience making me appear less confident than I might be in what I am presenting. One respondent also commented that I need to â€Å"stop trying to please everybody and worrying about what everyone thinks of me†. I feel some resonance with this in that I do worry excessively about upsetting or offending people at work and have a tendency to take to heart comments from other colleagues. My colleague commented that you â€Å"can’t get everyone to like you† which is true however you can get everyone to respect you and I feel that as a leader it is important to think about others feelings and make sure they understand the motivation for you actions if they will dislike the outcome. Know how to motivate and develop the team 2.1 Describe the main motivational factors in a work context and how these may apply to different situations, teams and individuals Every employee and team will have a different set of factors that motivates them to do their best. The main motivational factors in the workplace are Extrinsic Motivational Factors †¢Financial This is a basic motivation for work. A salary provides for housing, bills, food, clothing and leisure activities. Some employees will be motivated by  potential for pay rise or promotion and an opportunity to climb the ladder, other employees may be happy to accept a lower rate of pay for a job they find interesting and satisfying or for other benefits such as flexible working, pensions, healthcare or company vehicles. †¢Personal Enjoyment / Satisfaction Although not every employee will feel there work is there main passion doing a job they enjoy is important to most employees and a large motivator in making employees happy to come to work and likely to be engaged in their work and dedicated to the businesses goals. A leader/manager has a role in providing a working environment where employees feel important and that they are rewarded for there dedication whether that be financially or emotionally. †¢Flexibility Flexibility in working practices surrounding annual leave, family leave, normal working hours and home working is important to many employees. By allowing flexibility in these areas an employer also opens up opportunities for potential employees who cannot work a normal working week in the office. Flexible working can take pressure off employees with family or care commitments and giving employees a level of autonomy shows confidence in them which can be a big motivator. Employees may also appreciate and employers understanding that there life outside of work is important and effects the quality of their work when in the office. Intrinsic motivational factors †¢Impact Employees want to know that there work matters and has a positive impact on customers, consumers and the world at large. Encouraging employees to always provide the best service they can and ensuring that customer satisfaction is communicated even to those without direct client contact can keep employees motivated and engaged with the businesses goals. †¢Recognition / Reward Ensuring that milestones such as meeting/exceeding targets or project completion are recognised and rewarded is important in maintaining motivation of individuals and teams. A reward can be financial such as a  bonus or gift or can be as simple as a thank you. Recognition can be made on a one to one basis, in a peer group highlighting an individual’s achievements or as a team recognition helping aid team cohesion and pride in work. 2.2 Explain the importance of a leader being able to motivate teams and individuals and gain their commitment to objectives It is important for a leader to be able to motivate teams and individuals as the leader plays a large part in setting the goals of the team and hence in making work of the team members achievable, enjoyable and satisfying. Leaders need to find out what motivates each employee and the team as an entity in itself so that goals can be modified to achieve agreed outcomes and satisfy all team members in a job well done. Some may be motivated by money, some by praise and thanks and some by work-life balance or a combination of all these factors and more. A manager can undertake one-on-one employee analyses to understand employees work-related desires, it is likely most employees will appreciate a leaders interest in their lives and desires. A leader can help to gain the commitment of employees by being honest and frank and dealing with individuals in a straightforward and fair manner. This ensures each individual feels they will be rewarded in proportion to their effort and also not reprimanded unfairly. A manager can also gain employee commitment by â€Å"leading by example†. If you wish to motivate employees to succeed you should behave in the way you would like them to behave and try to refrain from allowing bad habits such as distraction or procrastination to emerge. Being kind, respectful and giving thanks and praise where due will motivate employees to do the same. It is important for a leader to set realistic goals for individuals and teams in order to maintain motivations. Employees need to have milestones or performance indicators and timeframes against which they can set their achievements and a leader needs to motivate and enable employees to reach these targets. 2.3 Explain the role that a leader plays in supporting and developing the team and its members and give practical examples of when this will be necessary Arguably the most important role a leader plays in supporting and developing the team is to provide a sense of purpose. The leader is responsible for setting and defining a common goal and engaging individuals in a team to work towards this. In large organisations such as UEA there is an organisational goal defined within the mission statement by senior management but this can seem very far away from individuals. The team leader can set goals centred on the teams own daily working practices and herein instil a sense of purpose and achievement individuals and groups. A leader’s focus is to create an effective team. For the team to be effective every member must play there part so establishing a shared set of values for the team is key to ensuring high quality outputs. The leader must recognise the diversity of team members but mesh these individuals skills and aptitudes together so that each member is engaged by their work and shares a sense of satisfaction in the teams achievements as a whole. Even the lowest paid positions are essential to team and these employees should not be allowed to feel anything other than equals to other team members. A reward system that values the responsibilities of each individual can help to aid this. A leader also develops the team by coaching and training. An employee will perform better and be more engaged with their work if they feel they have opportunities to learn and develop. Making sure team members are encouraged and supported to gain new skills and develop wherever opportunities exist will also improve team loyalty, participation and raise aspirations. Some areas of work can be repetitive and potentially boring. It is a leaders responsibility to make work engaging wherever possible. In my own leadership role I have previously employed a number of junior staff to undertake data entry. To try to maintain team interest I constantly moved individuals between projects to keep things fresh in their minds and also created informal â€Å"awards† for speed and accuracy giving the work a friendly and competitive element. I also invited comment on how we could develop and improve the data entry and offered to relay these to senior management. In order to inspire employees to perform better it is often better to delegate a level of authority to team members. There is little engagement in simply performing the tasks you are instructed to do but by giving an employee ownership of a task or process they can help to improve this. Showing this  level of trust in employees, listening to their ideas and trusting there judgement can also empower them to take on further responsibility and a level of self-management. As long as a team member is given clear information about what you need them to achieve and knows you are there to support them when needed they should be able to progress without the need for micromanagement or dictatorial behaviours. Finally clear, two-way communication is key to successful leadership of teams. A leader may be involved in goal setting, allocation of tasks, scheduling work programmes etc. but can be open to team members comments on this. Asking for feedback from the team on how these allocations are working may lead to even more affective assignment of work. If the team are allowed to critic the leader they may also be more responsive to constructive criticism received from the leader. Praise, when it is due, is a very important form of communication and listening to team members ideas and/or concerns will help reassure and motivate individuals.

What You Need to Know About the Weak Force

What You Need to Know About the Weak Force The weak nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces of physics through which particles interact with each other, together with the strong force, gravity, and electromagnetism. Compared to both electromagnetism and the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force has a much weaker intensity, which is why it has the name weak nuclear force. The theory of the weak force was first proposed by Enrico Fermi in 1933 and was known at that time as Fermis interaction. The weak force is mediated by two types of gauge bosons: the Z boson and W boson. Weak Nuclear Force Examples The weak interaction plays a key role in radioactive decay, the violation of both parity symmetry and  CP symmetry, and changing the flavor of quarks (as in beta decay). The theory that describes the weak force is called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD), which is analogous to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for the strong force and quantum electrodynamics (QFD) for the electromagnetic force. Electro-weak theory (EWT) is the more popular model of the nuclear force. Also Known As:  The weak nuclear force is also referred to as: the weak force, the weak nuclear interaction, and the weak interaction. Properties of the Weak Interaction The weak force is different from the other forces: It is the only force that violates  parity-symmetry (P).It is the only force that violates charge-parity symmetry (CP).It is the only interaction that can change one kind of quark into another or its flavor.The weak force is propagated by carrier particles that have significant masses (about 90  GeV/c). The key quantum number for particles in the weak interaction is a physical property known as the weak isospin, which is equivalent to the role that electric spin plays in the electromagnetic force and color charge in the strong force. This is a conserved quantity, meaning that any weak interaction will have a total isospin sum at the end of the interaction as it had at the beginning of the interaction. The following particles have a weak isospin of 1/2: electron neutrinomuon neutrinotau neutrinoup quarkcharm quarktop quark The following particles have a weak isospin of -1/2: electronmuontaudown quarkstrange quarkbottom quark The Z boson and W boson are both much more massive than the other gauge bosons that mediate the other forces (the photon for electromagnetism and the gluon for the strong nuclear force). The particles are so massive that they decay very quickly in most circumstances. The weak force has been unified together with the electromagnetic force as a single fundamental electroweak force, which manifests at high energy (such as those found within particle accelerators). This unification work received the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, and further work on proving that the mathematical foundations of the electroweak force were renormalizable received the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

universality essays

universality essays One good thing about music, when it hits you feels no pain... These are the famous words of the late Bob Marley. Bob Marley is considered as the great father of reggae music. A revolutionary, a prophet, and a humble mystic, Bobs music reached international heights and brought Jamaican music to the forefront. A true legend of his own, his music spoke of universal truths. His music has transcended race, gender and age, while continues to leave its footprints in this world and in me. Music has always been my savior. In good times and in bad times music has made my soul quiver and my heart beat. Music makes me want to move, makes my heart beat with rhythm and quenches my soul. I can close my eyes and listen to music and my spirit is lifted away. My problems that were a moment ago weighing on me become light and trivial. Music is my meditation. It is my way of going to another place; a place where I feel good and my mind feels lucid. Music is where my spirit feels alive. My passion for music began at a young age. I was raised in a musical environment surrounded by people whose passions were the love for music and its ability to bring people together in unity. My father is a musician and my mother has always loved dancing. They raised me with their passions. At a young age, I was made aware of the beauty of music and its power over people. Experiences resonates more than concepts do. In witnessing the effect of music on people, I myself became ingrained with a love and passion for music. Great music had the ability to remove us from our bindings of ethnicity, gender, age and religious beliefs. Great music transcends all that lies on the surface of who we are. We are no longer our name, our country, our religion or our age; we are simply people searching for the same quenching of the soul. Music is a way for people to express the voice inside them. Music communicates what we all fe ...

Mrs. Fields Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mrs. Fields - Case Study Example Mrs. Field’s cookies can be characterized as a quite successful organization. The growth of the organization in the US market should be related to the capabilities and the characteristics of its founders, Debbi Sivyer and Randy Fields. At the first instance, meaning the time when they met, the resumes of Debbi and Randy were different; Debbi was trying to explore her skills in cooking while Randy had graduated from a first class university, Stanford, aiming to develop his future in economics. From this point of view, the future of Debbi and Randy would be expected, then, to be different. There would be no expectations, then, that the above persons, with different background and skills, would cooperate in a business, such as Mrs. Field’s cookies. Instead, Randy would be expected to become a successful economist, while Debbi would be expected to continue working in different roles, possibly increasing her skills in baking. However, the marriage of Debbi and Randy can be c onsidered as having an important role in the opening of their business. In accordance with the information provided through the case study, Debbi and Randy had different goals in regard to their business. Debbi aimed ‘to bake great cookies’ (case study, p.2) while Randy thought the specific initiative as a profitable investment, taking into consideration the market needs for products of the particular characteristics. Under these terms, it is assumed that Debbi and Randy supported the opening of the first store for promoting their own aims, as described above. The potential existence of common interest, referring to the family income that would be generated through the particular project, was also a critical reason that led to the support of this initiative both by Debbi and Randy. The opening of the second store resulted to an important dilemma for Debbi: Debbi

McDonaldization of Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

McDonaldization of Society - Essay Example Mcdonaldization of society is an explanation of a good society and is becoming more efficient. Max states that McDonald is the vehicle by which current civilization is becoming more proficient technique for people to go from an ailment of hunger to a state of satiety. However, McDonaldization and efficiency have negative effects (Ritzer 167). The Imminent side effects must be documented and appreciated in order to fully comprehend the effect that Mcdonaldization has on today’s culture. Max also believes that McDonaldization is a social logical thesis that reinforces the current trends of culture and society. Ritzier describes the rational spare of society and his procedures of routine and settled procedures for dealing with situations which can occur in an orderly fashion. I do agree with ritzier sociologist this is because the eating habits greatly influence the cultural behavior of people (Ritzer 200). People easy forget the past about their past practices and begins to follow the new way of eating which is more affordable at consumes less of our