Should We Eliminate The Electoral College - 1314 Words

Michaela Blanchard Mr. McNeil Government 2305 3 December 2014 Should We Eliminate the Electoral College? The validity and necessity of the Electoral College has been questioned approximately since it was formed in the Constitution. Many different events in history, such as the president having a vice president from the opposite party, and the electoral college electing a president that didn’t win the popular vote has caused this to be an area of controversy. After looking into the origin of this system, how it works, and societal and technological changes that have occurred in the past 200 years, one can see why the Electoral College isn’t needed in this day and age. The electoral system was first established in the constitution in Article II, Section 1, Clause 2-4. In short, the constitution stated that each state appointed their electors in accordance to their state legislature. Each state would have an amount of electors equivalent to the number of representatives in the house and senate combined for that state. It also said t hat â€Å"no Senator, Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States could be appointed as an elector.† The constitution stated that each elector would have two votes they could cast for the presidential election, and they could only use one vote for a candidate that was from their state (if applicable). They would meet in the state they were representing, cast their two votes, and make a list of the amount ofShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Electoral College Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesFounding Fathers’ idea of an Electoral College is not the same as our current Electoral College as amendments have changed their structure and function. Despite the changes and adaptations to our country’s changes, the Electoral College is still the method that selects presidents and vice presidents. Exploration of the structure and function of the Electoral College will provide an opportunity to understand its formation and operat ion while the debate between the Electoral College and popular vote usageRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College1167 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Electoral College system should be amended because it poorly illustrates democracy, is outdated and Electoral College Reform The voting process in America appears straightforward, but it is a very complex, complicated system. The Electoral College is America’s current voting system. The Electoral College still serves its intended purpose, but with increasing political activity among Americans it has caused a need to reform this process. Research suggests that the Electoral College systemRead MoreModern Election Arguments Against The Electoral College1064 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Modern Election-Arguments Against the Electoral College The electoral college is a mash-up of ancient ideas that amalgamate in an outdated mess that doesn t make sense in the modern day. In the 2000 US election, George W. Bush won the electoral college and lost the popular vote, This proved that the electoral college has too much power in comparison to the popular vote and disproved what the founding fathers had planned for the college included all peoples having equal representationRead MoreThe Election Of The Electoral College1214 Words   |  5 PagesAn Amendment to Replace the Electoral College with a Direct Popular Vote Five of the fifty-eight total United States Presidential elections in history have ended in discrepancies between the popular vote and the electoral vote; on average, the president elected into office was not actually favored by the majority of Americans almost ten percent of the time. We need to acknowledge the fact that this, along with the Electoral College system as a whole, undermines our foundation in democracy. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Electoral College System Essays520 Words   |  3 PagesThe Electoral College System After the last presidential election, which is still underway apparently, there is much controversy over what should happen to the Electoral College system. There are people who say that the Electoral College is good but should be modified to meet the needs of the modern world. There are those who say that the Electoral College system is too outdated to be modified and should be entirely eliminated. Finally there are those who say that it is has stood the test ofRead MoreEssay about The Controversy Over the Electoral College System1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Controversy Over the Electoral College System A number of Americans fail to realize that when they vote they are not voting for the president and vice-president directly, but for electors who then cast their ballots in the Electoral College. Until the recent battle between Gov. George W. Bush and Vice-president Al Gore for the presidency, this new generation of American voters has never witnessed a controversial election. Historically, there have been problematic elections allowing votersRead MoreThe Electoral College Should Be Replaced895 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerning the way we elect our president. The first system is the Electoral College, which is complicated. Americans are not knowledgeable about it and worry that one candidate can win the popular vote and not the Electoral College. The opponents of the Electoral College propose a new plan called the National Popular Vote (NPV). The pro-Electoral College party contemplates the bill’s risks and costs are not worth the possibility of gains for certain states. The NP V believes that the US should adopt the NationalRead MoreThe Electoral College Should Be Replaced901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe way we elect our president. The first system is the Electoral College which is very complicated. Americans are not knowledgeable about it and worry that one candidate can win the popular vote and not the Electoral College. The opponents of the Electoral College propose a new plan called the National Popular Vote (NPV). The pro-Electoral College party think the bill’s risks and costs are not worth the possibility of some gains for certain states. The NPV believes that the US should adopt theRead MoreMain Arguments For Proponents Of The United States Electoral College1624 Words   |  7 Pagesproponents of the United States Electoral College are based on four ideals. The Electoral College is a beneficial way in which the United States elects the President because it contributes to the unification of the country by requiring a distribution of popular support in order to be elected, enhances the status of the interests for the minority, contributes to the political stability of the nation by encouraging the two-party majority system, and the Electoral College maintains a federal system ofRead MoreThe President Of The United State1296 Words   |  6 PagesUnited State (Bronson, K and Dove, L 2015). This was one of the concerns our founders had when the wrote the Article II, section 1 of our constitution which laid out the framework for the electoral college process that we use still to this day. An article by Bronson, and. Dove† stated that the Electoral College provided security to concerns that the governing people had in this era of our nation’s history to ensure a viable election process, such as the unlikelihood that a candidate would have a

Essay on Privacy Concerns With Electronic Medical Records

Prior to the Information Age, medical records were all stored in folders in secure filing cabinets at doctor’s offices, hospitals, or health departments. The information within the folders was confidential, and shared solely amongst the patient and physician. Today these files are fragmented across multiple treatment sites due to the branching out of specialty centers such as urgent care centers, magnetic resonance imaging, outpatient surgical centers, and other diagnostic centers. Today’s ability to store medical records electronically has made it possible to easily send these files from one location to another. However, the same technology which can unify the fragmented pieces of a patient’s medical record has the ability to also create†¦show more content†¦Although there is a significant difference between an EMR and EHR, both are subject to the same type of security breach, and therefore for clarification purposes are both refereed to as EMRs in the context of this paper. Security breaches of EMRs vary from someone without consent viewing the patient’s information, to a hacker using the information to steal one’s identity. According to Privacy Rights Clearing House, more than 260 million data breaches have occurred in the United States, including those of health related records. Approximately 12 percent of data breaches involve medical organizations (Gellman, 2012). According to Redspin, a provider of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act risk analysis and IT security assessment services, more than 6 million individual’s health records were compromised during a period from August 2009 and December 2010 (Author Unknown, 2010). A provision of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act requires all breaches affecting 500 or more people to be reported to the Department of Health and Human Services. This reporting is to be accomplished within 60 days of discove ry. The Redspin report covering the period above involved 225 breaches of protected health information. The amount of people with access to an individual’s health record creates concern with confidentiality. According to the Los AngelesShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of An Ehr For Medical Records1557 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Although the general population has concerns about who has the ability to access their medical records, data has been put into place showed that the general population knows that having an EHR would be beneficial (Thede, 2010). Research has suggested that patients, providers and insurance companies have benefited from EHRs because insurance companies do not have to pay for duplicate testing as well as patients and providers having the ability to increase the quality of care that is providerRead MoreMedical Professionals Should Always Value A Patient s Ethical Right833 Words   |  4 PagesMedical professionals should always value a patient’s ethical right to privacy and confidentiality. Under the HIPPA law, there are still concerns with the protection of patient privacy; therefore, healthcare professionals must confront the growing technological environment and find ways to increase access security, as well as discipline employees that violate a patient’s privacy. Ele ctronic health records can be beneficial to providers from a cost and efficiency standpoint, but are patients reallyRead MoreSimilarities Between Video 5 And Video 7 Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifically when it comes to Electronic Health Records (EHR) and its privacy. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, â€Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratoryRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthe way for The Electronic Health Record (EHR). Those that promote the usage of the EHR as the standard of care, strongly believe that the risks of privacy are outweighed by the benefits that it brings. These benefits include, but are not limited to: improved patient care, decreased medical errors, and better collaboration between healthcare providers. This paper will focus on the benefits of the EHR, and how the government and the healthcare industry are addressing the privacy and security risksRead MoreEthical Implications Of Electronic Health Records967 Words   |  4 Pages Ethical Implications of Electronic Health Records Brian Davis Dr. Kemp defines an electronic medical record (EMR) as â€Å"the digital version of a paper chart that contains all of a patients medical history from one practice† (Kemp, 2014). He also differentiates between the use of the term electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR). An EHR is more â€Å"comprehensive† than an EMR. It allows for data sharing across multiple practices. The use of both EMRsRead MoreThe Preferred Format For Clinical Health Information1120 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Document Architecture (CDA) for both Personal Health Record (PHR) and Electronic Medical Record (EMR). It is XML-based format identifies the encoding, configuration, and semantics of a clinical file. Blue Button+ Direct implementation ensures ease of transmission of medical records to a third party by the health care provider or patient. Direct uses SMTP, S/MIME, and X.509 licenses to maintain security, data reliability, privacy and verification of sender a nd receiver. Additionally, it meetsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Healthcare Field1541 Words   |  7 Pagesin technology have positively impacted the nursing field, it has also created huge concerns with patient privacy and sharing of protected health information leading to detrimental effects to patients and their families. Indeed, technology is changing the face of healthcare with positive innovations to reduce medication errors and documentation errors. However, technology at our fingertips has created immense concerns with sharing of protected health information of patients via social media, emailRead More Electronic Health Record Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pagespaper based medical records, a new type of record keeping has surfaced - the Electronic Health Record (EHR). EHR is an electronic or digital format concept of an individual’s past and present medical history. It is the principle storage place for data and information about the health care services pr ovided to an individual patient. It is maintained by a provider over time and capable of being shared across different healthcare settings by network-connected information systems. Such records may includeRead MoreElectronic Health Records ( Ehr ) And The American Recovery Reinvestment Act1735 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction With the advent of electronic health records (EHR’s) and The American Recovery Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, electronic health records have become main stream and a requirement for healthcare providers who treat Medicaid and Medicare patients. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart (Health IT, n.d.). EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. A portion of ARRARead MoreSimulation Review Paper1075 Words   |  5 Pagesfew. With these different jobs and countless employees in the medical profession, there are plenty of patients to be cared for because everyone needs medical attention no matter if it is a broken arm or getting a tooth pulled, health care is a necessity. Patients come to the physician because of a problem that they are having and with that notion they are prepared to give full details of their problem. Giving information to the medical staff is a process that has to be done in order to know what

Discursive essay for english free essay sample

Intervention in Syria A deadly civil war has been raging for two years in Syria between the government and the rebels. Consequently, on 21st August, Damascus was struck by rockets containing chemical materials. Within hours thousands of innocent people were left profoundly distressed at the barbaric aftermath caused by these sudden attacks. 1,429 people were killed including 426 children and the manner of their deaths was unspeakably grim. The Syrian government were accused of conducting these attacks but denied allegations even though evidence clearly shows they were complicit in this deeply inhumane massacre of their own people. Should we just stand passively and allow more chemical callous carnage or should we take military action with the strong possibility that if we do so this could lead to more deaths than we imagined despite the honourable motive involved.’ Critics of military action in Syria argue that it is ill advised as it could lead to a repeat of what happened in Afghanistan and Iraq. After all, our troops have been in Iraq since 2003, are still fighting and this has done nothing to make our country safer. If we send out troops to Syria how long will they be expected to come to terms with the vicious hostility before this bitter civil war? Almost inevitably families will be separated from loved ones or find themselves mourning their loss. Why should they suffer for an entrenched conflict that has nothing to do with them? Moreover, Barack Obama has stated if America does intervene military it will not be ‘on foot.’ Consequently, that means they will be taking action through air force but there are grave doubts about the effectiveness of this. If action is taken through air force that would certainly involve air strikes which means that they could be killing more innocent people than we anticipated to ensure that less of our own soldiers die even though ironically, we are trying to prevent more killings happening in Syria. Those opposed to intervention argue that although helping Syria is moral we could be wasting a large amount of financial resources especially in a global recession. After all, the money used to send troops and weaponry could be redirected towards more constructive activities that will help us as a country to develop like education and the NHS. Overall, the country is struggling with money and using it on expensive intervention that might not be effective could be seen as a waste. If we must spend money on this conflict the government should use it on humanitarian resources like  building shelter, providing water and food to those who are affected, instead of squandering it on military interventions that will involve killing people. However, Britain has already spent  £89.5million of aid for Syrian and this is apparently still not enough. If we continue to provide colossal sums of money for aid how hard will that affect our pressed country? Opponents of intervention always argue t hat taking military action could aggravate the delicate balance of power throughout the world. After all, Russia is an ally of Syria and if we are to take military action this could lead to Russia intervening to defend Syrian government forces. The world has already suffered from World War One and Two and to think mankind could be drawn into another barbaric global conflict is horrific. We have surely learnt how fragile civilisation can be due to these past wars so why intervene and chance another potentially apocalyptic war. It is a very dangerous, complex and volatile strategy to get involved with another country’s civil war which is unstable and probably best left alone. Moreover, Syria is well known for their chemical weapons and has warehouses full of them and ready to use. It is so easy to access these warehouses and if they are not protected carefully and responsibly they could end up in the hands of the rebels. However, chemical weapons are not the only problem. Both the Syrian government and rebels have access to large amounts of guns and ammunitions. Consequently, if we take military action and kill both members of the rebels and the government we will be targeted by two enemies that both have access to destructive weapons putting our own people in danger. Furthermore, many people believe if we decide to take military action we will have to choose a side between the government and the rebels. In doing so, whatever side we choose, we will still find ourselves with an enemy. Furthermore amongst the rebels is the global militant Islamist organisation, Al Qaeda. If we become enemies of this fanatical, violent organisation this could lead to unthinkable terrorist attacks and the use of chemical weapons directed against us. Those who disagree with intervention in Syria believe there is alternative ways to resolve this conflict. Instead of sending the military out to resolve this civil war we should be thinking about non violent ways to approach Syria and help bring peace. Many feel we should be calling for a truce in Syria and try to negotiate Syria with the present regime to destroy their stock piles of  chemical weapons. After all, both the rebels and government will not win with their violent ways and we should be seeking to persuade them to approach each other peacefully and bring an end to this civil war. However with both sides having strong views against each other the task will not be easy but taking military action and risking people’s lives is surely In conclusion, I strongly believe we as a country should not take military action against Syria. More innocent citizens should not have to suffer due to our decisions and we should save ourselves the embarrassment of making the same mistake that we made in 2003 by sending our troops to Afghanistan and Iraq. There are many more civilised ways for us to help such as providing aid and facilitating negotiation. After all, war is never a satisfactory solution and often leads to escalating misery and despair.

Toni Morrison Essay Example For Students

Toni Morrison Essay OutlineThe Bluest Eye by Toni MorrisonTHESIS:In the novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison incorporates various techniques in The Bluest Eye, such as her use of metaphors, the ironic use of names and the visual images that she uses. I. Background information on Toni MorrisonA. Where she was born. B. Where she attend collegeC. Why she changed her nameD. When she got marriedII. The Bluest EyeA. Summary of The Bluest EyeB. What is a theme?1. The main theme of The Bluest Eye. C. What is a Plot?1. What is the plot of The Bluest Eye?D. How Toni Morrison plays with the names in The Bluest Eye, so they are not what they seem to be. -I-1.The significance of Pecolas nameE. What are the two major metaphors used in The Bluest Eye?-II-Toni Morrison the first black woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio. She was the second of four children to George and Ramah Wofford. Her parents moved to Ohio from the South to escape racism and to find better opportunities in the North. Lorain was a small industrial town populated with immigrant Europeans, Mexicans and Southern blacks who lived next door to each other. Chloe attended an integrated school. In the first grade she was the only black student in her class and the only one who could read. Chloe attended the prestigious Howard University in Washington, D.C., where she majored in English with a minor in classics. Since many people could not pronounce her name correctly she changed it to Toni, a shortened version of her middle name. Toni Wofford graduated Howard University in 1953 with a B.A. in English. She attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and received a masters degree in 1955. After graduating, Toni was offered a job at Texas Southern University in Houston where she taught introductory English. In 1957, she returned to Howard as a member of the faculty. At Howard she met and fell in love with a young Jamaican architect, Harold Morrison. They married in 1958 and had her first son in 1961. Toni continued to teach while taking care of here family, she also joined a small writers group as a temporary escape from an unhappy married life. Each member was required to bring a story or poem for discussion. One week, having nothing to bring, she quickly wrote a story loosely based on a girl she knew in childhood who had prayed to have blue eyes. The story was well received by the group. Toni put it away thinking that she was done with it. When her sons where asleep, she started writing. She dusted off the story in which she had written for discussion in her writers group and decided to make it into a novel. She drew on her memories as a child and expanded on them with her imagination so the characters developed a life of their own. The Bluest Eye was published in 1970, too much critical acclaim, although it was not commercially successful. The Bluest Eye is a novel of initiation set in Lorain, Ohio. Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl, desperately wants blue eyes, thinking that they would make her beautiful. She drinks several quarts of milk at the home of her friends Claudia and Frieda McTeer just to use their Shirley Temple mug and glaze at young Temples blue eyes. One day Pecola is raped by her father, when the child the she conceives dies, Pecola goes mad. She comes to believe that she has the bluest eyes of anyone. In the novel, The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison incorporates various techniques, such as her use of metaphors, the ironic use of names, and the visual images that she uses. The theme of The Bluest Eye, revolves around African Americans conformity to white standards. A woman may whiten her skin, straighten her hair and change its color, but she can not change the color of her eyes. The desire to transform ones identity, itself becomes an inverted desire, becomes the desire for blues eye, which is the symptom of Pecolas instability. The Bluest Eye opens with a Dick and Jane paragraph, a white American Myth far removed from the realities illustrated in the novel. Thereafter, the black narrator Claudia MacTeer relates much of the story, and the reminder, which concerns events that Claudia could not have witnessed, is narrated mostly by an unidentified voice. Claudias narrative reveals the guilt that for a long time plagued her and her sister in connection with another girls miscarriage. The girl, Pecola Breedlove, was pregnant with her own fathers child in the fall of 1941. Told by the different narrators, the understanding of events up to her tragedy is organized according to the four seasons. In the Autumn, the tense shifts form present to past, indicating shifts between the nine year old Claudia and the adult Claudia acting as narrators. The story begins with the arrival of Mr. Henry Washington, a border who will live with the MacTeers. At the same time, Pecola Breedlove comes to live with the MacTeers. She has been put outdoors by her father who has gone to jail and not paid the rent on the apartment. Frieda and Pecola talk about how much they each love Shirley temple. Claudia rebels. She does not like Shirley Temple nor the white dolls that she receives each Christmas with the big blue eyes. To the dismay of the adults, she dismembers these dolls, trying to see if it was that all the world said was lovable. The text shifts to the third person omniscient point of view and gives the reader a brief of the inside of the Breedloves two-room apartment. The whole family shares one bedroom and there is no bath, only a toilet. At the same time the Breedlove family is introduced . The family is described as ugly. Pecolas only refuge from her life is with the three prostitutes who live upstairs and who treat her with affection the only people who do so. Legalization Of Marijuana Analysis EssayThe Dick and Jane snippets show just how prevalent and important the images of white perfection are in Pecolas life. Morrisons strange typography illustrates how irrelevant and inappropriate these images are. Names play an important part in The Bluest Eye, because they are often symbolic of conditions in society and in the context on the story. The name if the novel, The Bluest Eye, is meant to give the reader thinking about how much value is placed on blue eyed little girls. Pecola and her family are representative of the larger African American community and their name Breedlove is ironic because they live in a society that does not breed love. In fact, it breeds hate, hate of blackness and the hatred of oneself. The name MacTeer, can have an argument to be made, that it refers to the fact that the MacTeer girls are the only ones who shed a tear for Pecola. Soaphead church represents as his name suggests the role of the church in African American life. The implication is that the churchs promise that if you worship God and pray to him that everything will be alright is no better than Soapheads promise to Pecola that she will have blue eyes. Morrison reveals the significance of Pecolas name through the character of Maureen Peal. Maureen confuses Pecolas name with the name of the character in the movie Imitation of Life. I just moved here. My name is Maureen peal. Whats yoursPecolaPecola? Wasnt that the name of the girl in Imitation of Life?I dont know. What is that?The picture show, you know. Where this mulatto girl hates her mother cause she is black and ugly but then cries at the funeral. It was real sad. Everybody cries in it. Claudette Colbert too.Oh Pecolas voice was no more than a sigh. Anyway, her name was Pecola too. She was pretty. When it comes back, Im going to see it again.(Morrison56-57)Maureens reference to the film illustrates how white cultural values shape the black communitys idea of physical beauty. But Maureens discrepancy, was that the name of the girl in Imitation of Life, is not in fact Pecola, but Peola. The irregularity is appropriate because it denotes Pecolas failure to be like her cinematic double. Maureens mistake is relevance as well, for Morrison in her act of (mis)naming signifies the communitys power to deny an individual autonomy and to use people for its own needs. In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison uses metaphors, in which she wants the reader to think one way, but in reality she is talking about a whole other subject. The definition of a metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another subject to suggest a likeness or an analogy between them. She uses metaphors in The Bluest Eye to describe the conditions under which African Americans in general and Pecola are forced to live. There are two major metaphors in The Bluest Eye, one of marigolds and of dandelions. Claudia, looking back as an adult says, at the beginning of the book, there were no marigolds in the fall of 1941(Morrison 9). She and her sister (Frieda) plant seed with the belief that the marigolds seeds would grow and survive, and so would Pecolas baby (Morrison 149). Morrisons scope to all African Americans on the last page I even think that the land of the entire country was hostile to marigolds that year. Certain seeds it will not nurture, certain fruits it will not bear(Morrison160). The implication is that Pecola like so many other African Americans never had the chance to grow and succeed, because she lived in a society (soil) that was inherently racist, and would not nurture her. The other metaphor, the dandelion is also an important metaphor that Morrison uses because it represents Pecolas image of herself. See, Pecola passes some dandelions going into Mr. Yacobowskis store. Why she wonders, so people call them weeds? She thought that they were pretty(Morrison 41). After leaving the store and being humiliated by Mr. Yacobowski, she again passes the same dandelions and thinks; They are ugly. They are weeds (Morrison 43). Pecola has transferred societys dislikes of her unto the dandelions. In all of Toni Morrisons novels, she uses a systematic use of color imagery to promote particular responses or sensual experiences. The following is a list of the colors that she uses to create visual imagery in her novels and also what they stand for. Red = alarmGreen = tranquillityBlue = pleasure nurturingWhite = mysticalBoth the blue and the white used together in her imagery stands for, positive life-giving forces, peaceful, non-violent death or even insanity. Toni Morrison is a very successful African American woman, who in her life has overcome a lot, not only in her personal life, but also in the world of being a writer. She has won the Nobel Prize in Literature in which she was the first African American woman to do so. The various writing techniques that she uses not only in The Bluest Eye, but also in all of her novels, are extraordinary. I hope that many people have shared the experience that I have by reading her books by getting an insight to the many ways in which not only a writer but also anyone can incorporate in his or her writings. Works CitedBakerman, Jane. The Seams Cant Show: An Interview with Toni Morrison. Black American Literature forum. 12(1978): 56-60. Dittermar, Linda.Will the Circle be Unbroken? The Politics of Form in The Bluest Eye.Novel. 23.2 (Winter1990): 137-55. Leflore, Fannie,Author Morrison uses fiction to challenge prevailing images, Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Journal, October 20,1990Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Washington Square Press-Pocket Books, 1970. Stepto, Robert B. Intimate Things In Place A Conversation with Toni Morrison. Massachusetts Review. 18(1977): 473-89

Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) Essay Example

Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) Paper Also, pupils from the senior school are going through puberty and tend to sweat a lot more than little kids, especially the boys. Sweat glands also work more rapidly with boys going through puberty, as their hormone levels are beginning to increase. During P. E classes, girls also are more reserved and are not as intense about sports during the day as the boys are. This is more of a social aspect than a scientific one, but is relatively true. On top of that, girls and boys generally have different standards when it comes to hygiene. Judging from personal experience, loud assume that girls tend to care more about their hygiene and aesthetics than boys do. Lastly, the Senior School gym has been there for quite a long time. The elementary school is still relatively new, especially compared to the senior one. Therefore, I also would assume that the senior school gym would have more microbes than the elementary. Variables: Independent variables: The independent variable for this experiment will be the location/area in which we will take samples from (Senior School, Elementary School girls and boys locker rooms). Independent variables generally answer the question What do we change? In this case, we get to alter the areas in which we will be sampling from. Dependent variables: Our dependent variable will be the number of microbes growing in an area. Dependent variables tend to answer the question What will we observe or measure? In this case, we will indeed be observing the microbes growing on the Petri dish after put in an incubator for 72 hours. Controlled variables: Controlled variables are there for us to keep constant. We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The temperature, time, medium, the way the sample is collected and the incubation will be our controlled variables. It is important that they remain the same throughout our whole experiment. Also, we will be having an open controlled as well as a closed Petri dish. We will be testing the agar dishes, to see if they really are as sterile as we think. If the open controlled will have bacteria growing on it after being incubated, that is as expected. However, the closed control should be spotless in order for our other results to be completely accurate. Apparatus: 3 Petri dishes with lids Agar jelly 4 cotton buds Incubator set at 25 degrees Celsius Tape Screw top vials Bunsen burner Soap Ethanol Four different locations Risk assessment: We must make sure to follow certain rules for this investigation. It is important to wash hands before eating and before class/at the beginning of class. Also, once the dish has been incubated, we should not open the lid. The incubator, for this experiment, must be kept below human pathogenic growing levels, which is 37 degrees Celsius. Sterile gloves should also be worn to collect samples for accurate results. Petri dishes should definitely be safely and properly disposed of when the experiment has ended. Method (sterile technique included): Before anything is done, it is important that hands are disinfected. Wash them with warm water and soap. It is important to wash them with warm water, as cold water does not clear away most of the bacteria. Afterwards, put on some sterile gloves to make sure sampling is done accurately. Following, make sure that there are two Petri dishes, one open controlled and closed controlled. One should be kept open the entire time, while the other should be kept closed. This is to test the sterility of the Petri dishes. Afterwards, take four cotton buds and screw top vials. For good results, you should wet the cotton buds with distilled water and then swab the areas you wanted to sample. After that is done, head back to the science lab, making sure that you have Petri dishes with agar jelly, tape, a Bunsen burner and ethanol. (All of this shouldve been done with sterile gloves on). For the best effect, operate the Bunsen burner with the safety flame. This should ensure that the atmosphere is relatively bacteria free. After, clean the table using ethanol (also to sterilize the area) and place the Petri dish (which you will swab with your samples) on top of the table. When that is done, swish the cotton buds lightly inside the Petri dish (one in each separate quarter) where the agar jelly should already be. Make sure you do not dig the cotton bud in, as we do not want the microbes to be growing in the middle of the jelly. We want to be able to observe the microbes from above. Finally, after all four quarters of the Petri dish are finished with swabbing, tape the open controlled, closed controlled and the experiment dish closed. To save place, tape those three altogether and place them in an incubator (25 degrees Celsius). This must stay constant, as e WOUld not like the incubator to reach human pathogenic temperature (37 degrees Celsius). After 72 hours have passed, take the Petri dish out, but do not open it. Observe and record the results. Below is a diagram of how everything was set up. Processed Data Discussion/Evaluation Overall, the experiment went quite smoothly. Of course, there couldve been improvements. The results shouldve definitely been more accurate, especially for the counting of the colonies that we did, and the percentage cover. We had a lot of microbes growing in our Petri dish and it was very difficult to count the exact amount of colonies. These were just estimated approximately. Perhaps we couldve had more people verify our counting skills, for example, get someone else to count the colonies after we did for comparison and accuracy. Also, for these four locker rooms, we swabbed different places/areas each time. Since locker rooms are quite large, this is rather imprecise. We shouldve stuck to swishing only the floors with the cotton buds or the walls instead of taking a variety. Our results showed that the place with the most microbes out of the four areas was the elementary boys locker room. In that quarter of the Petri dish, there ere a total of 78 colonies. Actually, I think there definitely were more. However, it was just too difficult to count, as most of them were clustered together, relatively small and the color was hard to see. Also, compared to the rest of the results, the elementary school boys locker room had a significantly higher percentage coverage and colony number. The next place with the most microbes was the elementary girls. They had a total of 47 colonies and a percentage cover of 43%. The difference between this quarter of the Petri dish and the elementary boys was that this one had larger colonies which were easier to count. They also werent so clustered and were scattered all over their quarter. Perhaps this is to do with how we swished the cotton buds on top of the agar jelly. The last two with the least microbes were the girls and boys senior locker rooms. The boys had about 34 colonies covering 30% of their quarter. This area looked quite similar to the elementary boys quarter. The colonies were both extremely small, very hard to count and clustered altogether. The only difference between them is that the senior boys generally had less in numbers. The senior girls had 19 colonies covering 20%. This was one of the most interesting quarters. The colonies itself were relatively small, however, they were clustered very tightly together to form almost a large group and was most definitely scattered around the quarter. The larger groups were definitely not in each others vicinities. This again, perhaps, has something to do with the way my partner and I worked with the Petri dish. We took turns swabbing the dishes, so perhaps that affected our results in some way. For example, maybe I put more pressure on the agar jelly than my partner did, or vice versa. Conclusion Unfortunately, for this experiment, most of my hypothesis was incorrect. However, now that Ive done the experiment, I can see why. The elementary boys locker room proved to be the one with the most microbes. I can deduce that this is because elementary school children tend to go outside a lot more and run around, getting themselves dirty in the process. One would hardly find any middle and high-school pupils running around and getting dirty. After all, small children even like to run around in the rain and cold, where certain microbes love to thrive in. My partner and I did guess right about the girls locker room having fewer microbes than the boys though. The elementary girls had less than the elementary boys and the senior girls had less than the senior boys. However, am not yet ready to accept these results.

Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously

Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously Synopsis The current social and environmental conditions in the world demand that the level of social entrepreneurship to be improved as it is yet to get to the desired level. This is due to the fact that there are still pertinent issues that affect the world population.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These issues include; poverty, curable and non curable diseases, violence and conflicts driven by ethnic or tribal differences, global warming, environmental pollution, slavery and human trafficking, as well as poor standards of education. An evaluation of these issues calls for intervention measures to be tried and corrected in order to ensure that people live in a better world. The situation has placed great responsibility on governments to ensure that they promote social entrepreneurs. However, most governments have failed in this endeavour as a result of inefficiency, corruption, bureaucracy and politicising of social and environmental issues. Intervention by social entrepreneurs is therefore critical as they possess the skills and level of devotion required to improve these issues. The author suggests that support from the government will go a long way to ensure that the work of social entrepreneurs touches on all affected people and is effective in terms of solving social and environmental issues (Dees, 181-183). Personal opinion on social entrepreneurship Social entrepreneurship can be used to solve most of the social and environmental problems currently facing the world. This is due to the fact that social entrepreneurs are mostly concerned with making the world a better place for both the current and future generations. This is in line with the view of the author of the article and therefore means that there is need to encourage more people planning to engage in social entrepreneurship to do so since the world ne eds them. My opinion is that the social and environmental problems that the world is facing have been as a result of the negligence of both the people and the governments of the various countries. It is therefore the responsibility of both the people and the governments to take measures to ensure that these problems are mitigated. The role of the government in this should be to support the social entrepreneurs in their activities. It is therefore clear that what the author of the article has suggested about the need for increased investments by social entrepreneurs and increased support by the government is a true representation of what should be done.Advertising Looking for article on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My experience with social entrepreneurship is based on the contact I have had with non-governmental organisations and other not-for-profit organisations currently involved with initiativ es that seek to improve the living standards of people in various countries. There are various initiatives all over the world seeking to solve social and environmental problems and most of them are carried out by these organisations. The idea that the government should offer support to these organisations should be taken seriously so that any organisation seeking to invest in social entrepreneurship can get the support needed in terms of finances and infrastructure. It has been established that organisations which are supported by the government, even if it is in terms of legislation of appropriate laws and regulations, are more effective in serving the people than those that are not supported by the government. In real life, most human rights activists have consistently argued that the efforts of the government to solve social and environmental problems are wanting and that governments should focus more on solving the issues. Human rights activists all over the world are also known to call for social entrepreneurs to take up the responsibilities of improving the living conditions of people. They have also been known to encourage business entities to participate in solving social and environmental problems through their corporate social responsibility programs. Dees, Gregory J, â€Å"Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously† Society, 37.3 (2007): 179-184.Print

Within one of the areas of HRM, Marketing or MIS, critically describe Assignment

Within one of the areas of HRM, Marketing or MIS, critically describe the advantages and disadvantages of committee work as a feature of teams - Assignment Example Though a committee may have its own objective, for example a centralized promotions committee has an objective of promoting individuals for various departments; each deciding member would have his/her individual preferences for candidates as the various members are drawn from different departments. The main purpose of forming a committee is to complete a task â€Å"on behalf of a larger group of people† (Grigsby 2008). We will look into details about the various aspects of teams and committees in greater detail in our ensuing discussion. However, we will first see how committees and teams are important for the organizations. Both are required for specific purposes in an organization. Teams are required when a task requires employees from different functions to work together while a committee’s purpose is to get experts in various fields to decide upon an action through consensus. Thus, in a committee all members are equal in power and responsibility for the overall task and are answerable as a whole and not as individuals. In a way, a committee can be considered as a team with a slightly different function and structure and perceived authority and responsibility. A team can be defined as â€Å"A group of people who are committed to a common goal, work together, and help each other.† (Resnick 2007). A team has a specific goal to accomplish and all its members focus on this goal, leaving behind all their personal objectives. The tasks are divided into various sub-activities and each team member is given responsibility of completing that task. Each member of the team is responsible for his task and accountable for any failures of the same. Each member knows that his/her success depends on the success of the team which brings about commitment towards the end goal. Though the main purpose of a team is to achieve a specific organizational goal, a team goes through many phases of development before it is actually ready